What is six sigma hypothesis?
In an organization, at the time of production of a product six sigma methodology is implemented in order to avoid defects and wastes and make sure that the product meets the customer satisfaction. At the time of six sigma quality improvement, a lot of money is at the risk point and if unproductive changes are taken or made, it leads to lot of loss to the company in both the finance and productive aspects. In order to avoid such a loss, it is that important in a business to test the efficacy of the changes made. This test can be done with the help of hypothesis tools and testing.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING:
Hypothesis testing is a process using statistical analysis to determine whether the observed differences between two or more sample is due to null hypothesis or due to alternate hypothesis.
Hypothesis testing is a process of testing using a variety of statistical tools to analyze the data and to reject the null hypothesis and to accept the alternate hypothesis. A null hypothesis is a stated assumption about the differences in the parameters for two or more populations and the result of the difference is nil. Where as in alternate hypothesis, it is a statement of observed differences and relationship between two or more populations. the result thus obtained is real and the is not a chance or an error in the sampling. Hypothesis testing is used for defining test parameters, and authenticating data.
Defining test parameters:
The main aim of the implementation of six sigma in to a project team is to define the correct testing parameter. The faults in defining the objectives and the testing parameters, results in difficulty to ensure the success of the proposed changes. Even a small fault in the proposed change can result severely in the business process where it is being implemented. So it is better to use the hypothesis testing for attaining the accurate results of the testing.
Authenticating data:
Hypothesis testing cannot ensure the project team the effectiveness only with through defining the correct parameters, though it is certainly a necessary. In order to make the hypothesis testing correct, it is important to classify the collected data as soon as the parameters have been defined. It should be made sure that the collected data should be free from errors and inaccuracies. Once these steps are not cleared, it is difficult to get a better result, because the test will not reflect the real picture in the case of errors in the data.
Limitations:
Apart form the above advantages there are limitation for the using of hypothesis testing, in testing the effectiveness of a proposed changes. This is because, there are even many more factors that can affect a business process. Some of these factors are employee dissatisfaction, changes in the technology etc which cannot be tested with the help of hypothesis testing. There fore it is the duty of the analyst to make sufficient arrangements for all these types of testing and these test results can be used to compare with the hypothesis results to find out a proposed change, which confirms to suggested hypothesis.
For implementing six sigma hypothesis testing in a company, the companies hires seeks the help of experts from outside to provide adequate training to the employees.
Knowing more about the importance and the elements of six sigma is the six sigma basics. The basics of six sigma help us to understand “the science behind the theory of improvement”. It deals systematically with steps of instructions and certifications. For an organization to understand the potential of six sigma implementation, it is a must for the team members to have a minimum solid understanding about the understanding of the six sigma methodology. The methodology of six sigma contains its objectives, potential benefits, roles and common tools.
According to six sigma every piece of work done is considered as a processes. There are certain steps to be followed to find out a defined process. Since the process is the result of series of actions, changes and functions, there should be a well planning on the process to be conducted. A well defined planning of the process is a must, and the six sigma basics carefully deals with the topic.
The process according to six sigma is the total number of sequences, series and the arrangements of events, steps or measurements done repeatedly for the production of quality products or services. Changing a process is the first step in a six sigma improvement program in order to reduce the costs and improve quality. There are different types of graphical representation for a process or procedure to show its flow type style of all actions and conclusion taking place in a process. There are process maps, flow charts, and SIPOC diagrams used for the graphical representation of the process.
The elements contained in a graphs are the starting point to the process and its sub-processes, an ending points to the process and its sub-processes, inputs, outputs and other types of direction and decisions which leads to another potential direction.
With in an organization, the objective is the long-term improvement of its processes in order to enhance the performance of the organization and the products, gain the interest of the customers, employees and shareholders, and thus sustain in the world of global marker competitive. Still just improving a process is not a complete business option, but a complete process re-design is required.
It is better to replace DMADV, than the other way. There are two occasions in which DMADV can be used to replace DMAIC. One occasion is at the time there is no existing product, out of which the organization is aiming to create from the scratch. At the time when the implementation of DMAIC has not produced the expected result, though best efforts are done to make the improvements, DMADV methods can be used. It is proved that there are situations where planned DMAIC is been replaced by the use of DMADV method. The method is used at the time when the “improvement” process is not able to deliver the organization the expectations.
Six Sigma is an data driven approach used by many organizations that strives to achieve quality & perfection. It is a methodology used to eliminate defects & to determine the performance of the process. A defect is anything that is outside or against customer requirements. To achieve this, a process should not produce defects more than 3.4 per million opportunities.
Six sigma tutorial means, the lessons or a manual or a section of computer program, which is designed to provide instruction and training for six sigma with the use of exercises and assignments. Six sigma tutorial is a document of full tutorial about the six sigma topics.
Six sigma case study refers to the building up of the framework, about the six sigma methodology in the minds of the organizations. Here studies are made on the topic “what are the benefits of six sigma methodology in the development of an organization and a project?” . case studies are made on different fields of organizations like IT, call centers, large companies based in the US and India etc. This case study helps in finding out the areas in which six sigma is effective and what aspects of six sigma is more effective and is been used by the organizations for the development.
A defect free products or services are the foundation stone for the success of an organization or of a project. A defect free products and services are the result of high quality production of an organization. Six sigma is the methodology of the production of defect free, high quality products. Six sigma provides with the requirements for the production of quality products and to meet the customer satisfaction for the survival of the organization in the field of competitive global marketing. Implementation of six sigma helps the organization to focus on the improving quality of the products and services through better, faster and cheaper means. In a broad sense, it is easy to explain the use of six sigma as “the methodology focusing on defect prevention, cycle time reduction, and cost savings”. Six sigma helps in finding out the identifying and elimination of cost that provides no values to the customer satisfaction.
Six sigma seminars are instructional process, conducted for the candidates to know and discover how to apply systematically the statistical methods of six sigma for the organizational growth and for customer satisfaction. Instructions are given to the candidates about the importance and usage of data, information, analysis, and communication for a successful problem solving.
Lean six sigma certification provides the professionals with both techniques of service and manufacturing in industries. Along with this lean certification makes an individual attain the following requirements:
Six sigma system is the specialized package of six sigma methodology, lean manufacturing programs and consulting services. Six sigma system rely on quality results of the products or services to meet the customer satisfaction, through better quality faster. The programs are set to meet the needs of the clients. The application of six sigma system depends on the business goals, opportunities and organizational landscape. It is on the basis of these three factors, six sigma system is designed and customized. Six sigma system always try to meet the industry standard through the practice of six sigma and lean manufacturing principals. According to six sigma system, the measurement of success is been measured on the client’s success and not on the number of clients or people trained, in six sigma system.
The philosophy of lean manufacturing is derived from the “Toyota Production System”. Lean manufacturing is a generic process of management, for the production of goods through the removal of waste and implementing the flow. The operational strategy in lean manufacturing gives importance in the achievement of better production of goods that meet the customer’s satisfaction, through the process of shortest possible cycle time by eliminating waste and reducing incidental work. Lean manufacturing is a technique which helps in decreasing the time between the customer need and the shipment. It is designed in a way that there is a rapid improvement in the profit, gaining the customer satisfaction, reducing the production of time and sustaining the employee emotions. In general it is said that lean manufacturing is considered as a company’s “half human effort, the half manufacturing space, the half investment in tools and the half engineering hours for the development of a new product with in the half time scheduled”. It is clear that the benefits gained through the implementation of lean manufacturing is the lower costs, higher quality and shorter lead time for the production.
Lean manufacturing is used under two approaches. The first approach is used for the identification and the continuous elimination of the waste. It is clear that as the waste is being eliminated, the quality of the product improves, while the production time and cost is reduced. The second approach to lean manufacturing, is focusing on improving the “flow” of the work. By the word flow means, the smoothness of the work. in the second approach the focus is given in the smoothening of the work, through the system and not the waste reduction. The second approach was promoted by Toyota.
A Chi Square test also called as Chi-squared is a statistical hypothesis test that has a chi-square distribution when the null hypothesis is true. This test is most commonly used to observe what results are obtained by comparing given data with the expected data. This test is conducted to prove that there will be no change or difference between actual & expected data. The Chi-Square formula is sum of the squared difference between the actual & expected data, divided by the expected data.
India is a country where there are many companies who looks for the measure of goodness for their products and customer satisfaction. They always opt for a systematical and statistical improvement in the business world. Hence the implementation of the six sigma, for the effective operating system and to reduce the variation by avoiding defects and reducing waste is very much important for a country like India. Keeping this in mind, many companies in India opts the help and training of the six sigma methodologies, for the company professionals.
India gives importance to the DMAIC methodology in six sigma. The methodology of six sigma has two sub-divisions. They are DMAIC & DMADV. The former is used to improve an existing business process, while the second one is used either for creating a new product or for process designs for predictable and defect free performance. By DMAIC it means giving importance to defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling a process to meet its better quality. The implementation of the six sigma methodology, helps in providing a logical sequence for existing concepts and the problem solving tools, by sufficient repackaging of the tools and concepts. Moreover the methodology of the six sigma is used by the project sponsors at each step of conclusion before moving to the next step.